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Abraham’s Walk of Faith…Learned from Whom?

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Let’s take a deep dive into the lives of Abraham vs Noah. In case you did not see the first article about Noah, check it out (here).

To quote from that article...“The Bible does not say that Abraham walked with the Eternal, but rather that he was told to walk…”

“And when Abram was ninety-nine years old, YHVH appeared to Abram, and said to him, I am the Almighty God; walk before Me, and be perfect.” Genesis 17:1

The Bible mentions that Adam, Noah and Enoch walked with God, but note that in the description of the beginning of Abraham’s life God told him to walk before Him. Is there a difference? There is no record of God instructing Noah or Enoch to walk with Him. Some Jewish sages elevate Abraham as more righteous than Noah. But how so, if Abraham was commanded to walk but of Noah it is stated that he “walked with God?”  Maybe this is a very small point but as mankind descended from the original created “Image of God man.” 

How would Abraham know what it means to walk with God? Was anyone alive to instruct him? Adam died before the flood-actually from the Biblical timeline, 126 years before Noah was born!

All the righteous lineage of the family of Adam, from Seth down, died before the flood, EXCEPT Noah and his three sons and their wives. And  Noah died in the year 2006 from Creation– which was 350 years after the flood (1656) which is 58 years after Abram is born. 

 Genealogy of Abram/Abraham

How many of the descendants of Adam knew Noah? According to the biblical timeline of the years counted to the birth and death of Methuselah, Adam was still alive during Methusaleh’s life. Methuselah was born 687 years after creation and died the year of the flood (1656) Though Noah did not know Adam, Methuselah did– for Adam was alive for 247 years of Methuselah’s life. Adam’s influence must have affected him. Methuselah also knew Enoch, though Enoch was “taken” some 69 years before Noah was born, so Methuselah served as a bridge between Adam, Enoch and Noah, who all are reported in the Torah as having walked with YHVH. Adam and Noah both were coexistent with Methuselah. And then Noah lived until Abram was 58 years old. But Shem was alive during the entire life of Abram/Abraham. So we see Adam, Methuselah, Noah, Shem, Abram– A short father to son line to pass on the word of mouth story of the creation, the temptation in the garden, Adam’s, Methuselah’s, and Noah’s walk with God–all this before God commanded Abram to walk with Him. So maybe Abram knew a little already of the walk that his ancestors had lived out?! Now Shem, born 98 years before the flood (see Genesis 11:10 where it states that Shem was 100 years old two years after the flood) and lived another 500 years after the birth of Arphaxad places his death from the year of creation (hereafter referred to as anno mundo, a.m.) at 2158 a.m. 

For calculating the birth of Abraham (70 years into Terah’s life—Genesis 11:26, Terah being born 1878 a.m.) would make the birth of Abram to be in the year 1948 if, indeed he was the son born in Terah’s 70th year; This is based on:

1). Abram is mentioned first in the verse recording the births of the three sons of Terah 

2). Abram was the only notable spiritual character in the story. See Gen 12:4. From a clear stating of Terah’s birth in 1878 plus 70 years for the birth of Abram would give us the year 1948. Check out this chart:

There is a common teaching that Abram stayed in Haran until his father’s death, but the timing does not line up with future events. Terah died at 205 years of age. Abram was born in Terah’s 70th year but left Haran when he was 75. Let’s see more on this:

In Genesis 12:1 Abraham is told by YHVH:

“Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father’s house, unto a land that I will show thee;”

Did Abram tarry long after the call for his father to die?  He obviously would not have waited many years to leave. Why does the text mention his father’s house if his father had passed away? If his father was dead, then it would not have been a test for Abram to leave–his father would no longer have been there to detain him. And why, later, in sending his servant to seek a wife for Isaac, did Abraham mention that he had left his father’s house and his kindred as God had instructed him? Since he left both his father’s house and kindred, neither his father nor his kindred were dead at that time. Later, when Abraham sent his servant to find a wife for Isaac he tells him:

Gen 24:7 “The LORD God of heaven, which took me from my father’s house, and from the land of my kindred, and which spake unto me, and that sware unto me, saying, Unto thy seed will I give this land; he shall send his angel before thee, and thou shalt take a wife unto my son from thence.”

And when we think of why Abraham did not go back himself to find a wife for Isaac, we remember that he had been told to leave that land, his father’s house AND his kindred. So he did not return there in obedience to YHVH’s original command, and now, he could only send his servant there, and under strict orders to not take Isaac to Haran. His descendants were not to return to the place where he had been told to leave.

Gen 24:6 “And Abraham said unto him, Beware thou that thou bring not my son thither again.”

So, to restate what we have found so far:  Abram was born when Terah was 70 and he was 75 when he left Haran; we find that Noah and Shem were both still alive. Abram being born in 1948 a.m. indicates that Noah died 58 years later in 2006 a.m. while Abram is still in Haran and before the call of YHVH to leave. Abraham dies in 2123. Shem dies in 2158 outliving Abraham by 34 years! So he had a lot of time to teach him about the Creator, 175 years of his life and 105 years after he left his father’s house and kindred. Does the Bible refer to Shem anywhere in relation to Abraham? Whether Noah and Shem lived near Abram in his journeyings we have little to go on, but later we see Shem appear in Abram’s life.

Shem was Melchizedek. How so?

1) Shem was the only one left of the royal line from Adam and then Seth, 2) Noah placed a special spiritual blessing on Shem at the time he and Japheth walked backwards to cover Noah’s nakedness (Genesis 9:26:27). He was exalted above both Japheth and Ham at this time.

3). Melchizedek was king of Salem, which seems to be Jerusalem–Salem being the place God chose to place His name. 

4). Melchizedek was a righteous king according to the Hebrew meaning of his name, and 4) is declared “priest of the Most High God”.

5). Abram paid tithes to him after the battle of the kings. (When the Bible uses, El Elyon (Most High God), it is not talking of just any god that is worshiped. Elyon is used here for the One and only God. Check out my other article on Abraham and Melchizedek here.

So as I stated at the beginning, Abram, later called Abraham, had to learn to walk with YHVH: (We remember that Noah is mentioned as having walked with God and likely taught Abram a thing or two, which would mean that Abram had an idea of what YHVH meant when he was commanded to walk before God and be perfect.)

“And when Abram was ninety-nine years old, YHVH appeared to Abram, and said to him, I am the Almighty God; walk before Me, and be perfect.” Genesis 17:1

And this is fitting for the father of all those who are sons of Abraham–The walk has to be learned! Since Noah and Shem were still alive during the life of Abram, he would have learned from them even before God spoke to him and guided him directly.

As I said in my first article: (see here):, the obedience levels of Noah and Abraham were different. By no means did Noah cause the flood as some commentators suggest, (because he did not wrestle with God for the salvation of the wicked preflood world.) On the other hand, Abraham clearly had trouble believing the Eternal’s promises several times in his walk with YHVH. He gave his wife away twice out of fear, he took Hagar at Sarah’s suggestion to create a son. Which even today haunts the People of the Book! Even so, his walk in Emunah was growing, as the Torah records:

“And he believed in YHVH; and he counted it to him for righteousness.” Gen 15:6

Still later, he argued with God about the destruction of Sodom. Yes it was noble that Abraham tried to intercede for Sodom, but perhaps he still lacked trust that God knew what He was doing. Perhaps he had heard the horror stories of the flood and didn’t want this to happen to anyone ever! But ultimately the Almighty taught Abraham to trust, and the rest is history!

For the sake of Torah,

Ariella

Yahweh? Yehovah? Or something else?

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There is much discussion among those who take the Bible as the only valid Word of God.

Nobody really knows the pronunciation of the NAME, even when they claim to know it. I believe it will one day be revealed, not by some erudite scholar but by the ONE who owns that name. And is it really a name, or is it a description of who He is? I believe the latter, but that’s me.

I don’t believe either of the forms written above are correct. Let me tell you why.
Yahweh is missing the O and Yehovah uses the “e”instead of the “a” of Yah which we know is used in other places in the Bible. 

Why does it need the O?
Because the present tense category of Hebrew is “Hoveh” 

“In Hebrew, the term for “present tense” (grammar) is הוֹוֶה (pronounced hove), which literally means “present time” or “now”. Link

So what would it mean that God is in the present? 

Most Jews know the song Adon Olam which expresses the eternal nature of God. 

Here are the Lyrics, transliterated from Hebrew for you:

V’acharei kichlot hakol,

l’vado yimloch nora.

V’hu hayah, v’hu hoveh,

v’hu yihyeh, b’tifarah.

And in Hebrew: 

וְאַחֲרֵי כִּכְלוֹת הַכֹּל,

לְבַדּוֹ יִמְלוֹךְ נוֹרָא.

וְהוּא הָיָה, וְהוּא הֹוֶה,

וְהוּא יִהְיֶה, בְּתִפְאָרָה

In English, the highlighted words mean, he was and he is and he will be. 

So if we put them all together, we get something like Yahoveh. 

Two examples from the Bible that show the hove  part of the name:

Num 13:16: “These are the names of the men who Moshe sent to spy out the land. Moshe called Hoshea the son of Nun Yehoshua.” 

Why was it important to change his name before he went to spy out the land of Canaan?

Hoshea (Hôshēaʿ) means “salvation”, and it was changed to Joshua (Yehôshuaʿ) which means “Yahoveh is salvation.”

“By inserting the divine element “Yah,” Moses shifted the focus: Joshua’s victories would not be self-wrought but God-wrought.” Link

The Name Jehosaphat (a king of Judah). He is found in the book of Kings (chapter 22).

As Hebrew speakers know, there is no J in Hebrew. (יְהוֹשָׁפָט) 

His name takes part of the name of YHVH and signifies YHVH has judged. Here is a Link for the etymology. 

Let’s take a look:יְהוֹשָׁפָט

Y-ho-shaphat. The first part is part of the name of YHVH. The second part Shafat is:

“The past tense masculine form for the verb “to judge” (לִשְׁפּוֹט, lishpot) in the third-person singular (he/it) is שָׁפַט (shafat).” Link

So dear readers, in our ongoing quest for the name, all I can say is we are not quite there yet, though this little study should open some doors to rethinking what has been thought of how to pronounce the name. Unfortunately, or not the name was lost for thousands of years to most students of the Bible. Perhaps it was lost because it was not to be used lightly, and much of what is done in the supposed name of YHVH actually profanes that name. 

What does the Commandment say?

Exodus 20:7 “Thou shalt not take the name of  YHVH thy God in vain; for YHVH will not hold him guiltless that takes his name in vain.”  Here is the Brown Driver Briggs etymology for this verse.Link and Here.

Summing up what is said in these links: it is not to be used lightly to take a frivolous oath, and it must not be made “empty” or vain by idly taking it upon one’s lips. But should it never be used?

Deu 6:13: “You shall fear YHVH your God; and him shall you serve, and shall swear by his name.” See also Deu. 10:20.

Happy searching!

Ariella

Going up to the Mountain

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My Journey to the Temple Mount

by Ariella Golani

I have had what I refer to as “lock-down syndrome” over the last five years. It all started with the physical lock-downs forced by the governments during the time of the Corona Virus and then from the October 7 massacre and onward in Israel, we had the constant pressure to stay near home just in case bombs should target our town. My friend, Judy in Tzfat  invited me dozens of times to meet her in Jerusalem and go together to Har HaBeit (the Temple Mount) to make our presence felt and to pray for the restoration of the Temple and the land of Israel. I had not been to Jerusalem for 5 years when I visited the Kotel (Western Wall).. It was 35 years before that when I actually went up to the Mountain. And at that time, the presence of Jews on the site was not welcome. With the continual insistence of Jews with the Temple in heart and mind, the place has begun to allow prostration in at least one place and prayers, though no siddurim (prayer books) are allowed. 

The appeals from several sick friends and relatives kick started my journey! I got myself out of bed at 4:30 in the morning to meet the 6 a.m Jerusalem bus. The case of my Hispanic friends in Central and South America has been heavy on my heart for some time. Many of these descended from diaspora Jewish “conversos” (people who became Catholic to save their lives). After the inquisition in Spain and Portugal found many of these fleeing to the Americas and other places. I know some who have personally left Christianity, which was passed down to them by their ancestors, who were threatened with torture and death by these countries. Alas, many of their descendants don’t have paperwork to show who they are. All they have is the knowledge that something inside them is crying out to return to the land and people of Israel. This unspoken cry, unfortunately, is not heard by political governments, nor the state of Israel. For these conversos to come to Israel they have to do the impossible: convert to an accepted form of Judaism, which is extremely expensive, costing thousands of dollars and then there is little assurance that the Israeli rabbinate will accept them. 

Countries such as Cuba have no Israeli embassy to appeal to and the people live from bread crust to bread crust barely surviving, thus the idea of conversion or even a visitor’s visa for 3 months to Israel is completely out of the question. So one of my prayers which I bore on my heart and wrote on a scrap of paper which I tucked into the Western Wall (Kotel) was for an open door to the Hispanic diaspora “Conversos”–those who truly desire to return to the land of our ancestors. 

It was a long bus ride. Highway 90 traverses Judea and Samaria (known by the world as the West Bank). The bus moved down the dry hills until we saw a glimpse of the Dead Sea and then turned West towards Ma’ale Adumim, the last town before the barrier between the embattled area and Jewish domain. At the barrier (like a border crossing) two soldiers entered the bus. One stood in front by the driver, in case trouble broke out, as the other walked down the aisle inspecting the rows of passengers for anything that might raise suspicion. As we forged on through the gate to climb the hill up to Jerusalem, the traffic got more and more heavy. The bus was delayed almost an hour, but fortunately, Judy was willing to come meet me at the exit of the light rail which runs from the Central station to many parts of Jerusalem. 

We boarded a #38 bus which took us close to the Kotel from where the boarded tunnel passage climbs up to the top of Har HaBeit. Because Judy goes nearly every week, the guards know her so that we were not scrutinized beyond the first metal detector. 

It is disheartening to realize how much the Mount itself has been desecrated by those who do not respect the place that HaShem (YHVH) chose to place his name and which has been the holiest place on earth, having housed two of our Holy Temples which were destroyed by Israel’s enemies: Babylon and then Rome. According to history, the Holy Presence of our God had left the first temple because of the disobedience of our forefathers. In Ezekiel 7:20-25 the prophet described the departure of the Divine Presence from the first Temple (Go to verses.)

When Jonathan’s wife gave birth after he was killed along with King Saul, she exclaimed: This was about the Mishkan in Shilo, before the building of the first Temple, but shows that the ark of God must be present in the Temple.

“The glory has departed from Israel, for the ark of God has been captured.” 1Sa 4:22

There was never a resurgence of the Divine Presence in the second temple after the exile. Why?

“The Jewish historian Josephus records that when the Roman general Pompey entered the Holy of Holies in 63 BCE, he found an empty room, as the Ark of the Covenant was long gone. This absence of the Ark, the physical manifestation of God’s presence in the First Temple, is often interpreted to mean the divine presence was no longer there in the same way.” Ai Google.

The hope of many in Israel is that soon, God will return to this Place and we will see the end of war and the hatred that has so long dogged the path of the Jewish people. That Jews will become the promised Light to the nations, prophesied by the prophet Isaiah:

“I, YHVH, have called thee in righteousness, and will hold thy hand, and will keep thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles;” Isa 42:6

As we entered the boarded up tunnel walkway, we were accompanied by policemen in black uniforms, some Arabs, some Jews. Our instruction was that there were to be no prayer books and there were only certain places we could incline and pray. Other places were considered as offensive to the Muslims if Jews were allowed. We saw ancient pillars and steps and remnants of what once was, but for the most part the solid golden dome over the mosque was at the center of everything and which can be seen from almost everywhere in or around Jerusalem. 

My heartfelt cry for the restoration of this place brought about  another prayer–that the Eternal forgiving God of our ancestors would remember His promise to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and return to comfort His people Israel and once again make His Presence known, and to dwell in this Holy Mountain which has been desecrated through the last nearly 2.5 millennia. Again, we ask, why? Why did the Divine Presence not return to the Second Temple? Had something been lost in the exile to Babylon? Had a new religion taken the place of the one taught on Sinai? And did this religion in some way create customs and tradions of its own so that the Jews did not need the Eternal to rule them? 

As we neared the end of our circuit around the top of the mountain, we saw steps that had remained from times of the Second Temple. I stepped up on one where I was able to say the Oseh Shalom prayer quietly. 

“Oseh shalom bimromav”: May He who makes peace in high places.
 “Hu ya’aseh shalom aleinu”: Make peace for us
“V’al kol Yisrael”: And for all Israel
“V’imru: amen”: And let us say, amen
עֹשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם בִּמְרוֹמָיו, הוּא יַעֲשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם עָלֵיֽנוּ וְעַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאִמְרוּ : אָמֵן.

At one point the men and women on the tour separated and some of us lay flat on the ground face down with our heads and hands stretched out toward where the Most Holy Place would have stood. There was an amazing feeling of light and peace there. It was almost as if the Divine Presence  was hovering somewhere near. It is a place every Jew with a heart to be One with our People and One with God should be. It is the true home of the Jewish people and the ten tribes of Israel.  I truly believe it is the presence and prayers of the humble and contrite, who seek their God, that will bring back the Holy Fire to the Temple Mountain. 

I was loath to leave, but the tour was over and the policemen urged us towards the exit. I think we were there only 30 minutes. We then descended to the Kotel below and there I  placed my scraps of paper with prayers written for different people and causes. 

I bade goodbye to Judy and awaited another friend, Miriam who soon came to accompany me as I sat before the wall. After she prayed, we washed our hands in the fountain at the exit, and headed to find a bus to the terminal so that we might return to our homes in the Golan Heights. 

This will not be the last time I make this journey. It was a day of remembrance, and tired as I was on the journey of three buses and two trains, it well worth it. Gone is the locked-down feeling that has kept me stuck for so long!

“If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning.”  Psa 137:5 

Parashat Chaya Sarah (The Life of Sarah)

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Genesis 23 – 25:13

The Parsha for this week begins with the words “And the life of Sarah came to be one hundred and 27 years” Genesis 23:1: She, Sarah died and Abraham mourned.

Abraham Grieves and Bargains:

We see Abraham deeply grieved over the loss of his wife, Sarah who had been his companion ever since they left Ur of the Chaldees where he took her as wife before they traveled with Terah and Lot towards the land of Canaan. They stopped at Haran which was a city in what is modern Turkey. This is a trip of around 950 kilometers. They lived there until Abraham’s father Terah died. Gen. 11:30-31. And then the call of Abraham began his journey with his wife, lot and their servants towards Canaan.

We know from the Biblical account of the birth of Isaac that Sarah was 9 years younger than Abraham. She was, as it is stated 127 years old when she died leaving Abraham at 136 years of his life and her son Isaac at 36 years of age. 

Courtesy of Aish.com

Abraham, in the midst of mourning, realized that he had no permanent place to bury Sarah and got up from beside his loved one and went to bargain with the Hittites for the burial cave of Machpelah which is in Hebron, the area in which Abraham lived at the time. 

He approached the leaders of the Hittites and asked to buy from them a burial site. They offered to give him a place among the choices of sites, but he refused saying he wanted to buy it. It is clear that Abraham at this time knew the devious mind of the Canaanites and needed a guarantee that they would not reassume this land as theirs after his death. At this point he asked to have them intercede with the owner of the cave of Machpelah to sell it to him. He also offered it for free, but after arguing for the purchase, Ephron, son of Zohar, agreed upon 400 shekels of silver and the deal was done. 

The question arises to those of us who look back upon the history of Israel and the problems that have always existed with those who claim to own the land, “why would he buy it if it was already promised to him.” 

From history, we know that it took many years after Abraham to fully conquer the land of Canaan. After the time in Egypt, 400 years, and 40 years in the wilderness under the leadership of Moses, the beginning of the conquest of the promised land began with the crossing of the Jordan and the fall of Jericho. Previously the tribes of Gad, Reuben and the half tribe of Manassah had requested the fertile land east of the Jordan, the Bashan and conquered it from King Og of that area. But this was given to them based on their commitment to fight for the rest of Canaan until it was subdued. 

Abraham, had to live with the promise of the land, even though he himself could only trust this promise. This was similar to God’s promise of descendants that would be a great nation, and for which he waited for 25 years for the birth of Isaac. Then with the call to Mt. Moriah where he was told to offer up Isaac, his faith was tested almost to the edge of his endurance. 

Abraham knew well the mind of the residents of the land at that time, which by the way have not changed a lot even in modern times. The past few years of our life in Israel has showed us the mind of the Middle East like we would have never imagined it. Israel fights with subtlety. Sometimes it is not apparent why the nation of Israel does what it does. There have been peace agreements and land even given to keep peace, but it never works. Maybe if the government of Israel studied the life of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joshua and the conquest of the land, we might get it. The sad thing is that many of those who lay claim to the land are actual descendants of Abraham through Ishmael or Esau or any of Abraham’s other sons whom were born to him by Keturah.

Gen 25:1-4 speaks of the offspring of Keturah:

“1 Then again Abraham took a wife, and her name was Keturah. 2 And she bare him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah. 3 And Jokshan begat Sheba, and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were Asshurim, and Letushim, and Leummim. 4 And the sons of Midian; Ephah, and Epher, and Hanoch, and Abida, and Eldaah. All these were the children of Keturah.”

Trouble in the Middle East:

If Abraham had foreseen the trouble that would exist throughout History through his descendants, maybe he would not have taken another wife! It might be easy to justify that they were all descendants of Abraham and therefore had a right to the land. Yet, Isaac was specified inheritor of the land which was promised to Abraham. The promise of land, and the promise of a son, both went hand in hand. That which Abraham created on his own impulse became a curse to his descendants. 

Gen 25:5-6:

 “5 And Abraham gave all that he had unto Isaac. 6 But unto the sons of the concubines, which Abraham had, Abraham gave gifts, and sent them away from Isaac his son, while he yet lived, eastward, unto the east country.”

Now today, when the true descendants of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob have lived in exile for 2500+ years, owing to their own disobedience, the challenge to take what is rightfully ours facing the odds of the many nations that would deprive us of this inheritance, is overwhelming to most. Even our supposed allies see in our extremity an opportunity to usurp power over parts of the land. Gaza, though much of it is destroyed, has become a coveted bargaining tool for the United States. We must not succumb to this manipulation! 

Where is the promise of the God of Abraham? Where is the faith of Abraham? How can we sit on our hands, so to speak, and back off from the victories we have made, trusting the “chariot and horses” of the nations that boast more power than Israel? Where is the God of Israel?

Psa 20:

“7 Some trust in chariots, and some in horses: but we will remember the name of YHVH, our God.”

Isa 31:

 “1 Woe to them that go down to Egypt for help; and stay on horses, and trust in chariots, because they are many; and in horsemen, because they are very strong; but they look not unto the Holy One of Israel, neither seek YHVH!”

Parashat Vayera Genesis 18-22

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Sodom, Promise to Abraham, Ishmael, Hagar, Isaac, Akeida…Gaza

Genesis 18-22, covers a lot of ground. There is probably enough material for a book on any of the topics recorded in these four chapters.

Angels’ Visit to Abraham:

In Genesis 18, YHVH appears to Abraham, and he sees three figures pass by the tent while he is sitting in the entrance in the “heat of the day”. Genesis 17 tells of Abraham circumcising himself, Ishmael and all the males of his household. Chapter 18 follows with Abraham sitting at the door of his tent. Many commentaries say that Abraham was still in the pain of the circumcision when the visitors came to him. This is not clear from the plain reading of the text.

In chapter 17:26 we read: “Thus Abraham and his son Ishmael were circumcised on that very day;” From the context it seems that Abraham circumcised both himself and Ishmael on the very day that he received the command to do so. The rest of the servants and staff of his household are mentioned afterwards and thus may have been circumcised a little later. It is not clear that they were all circumcised on the same day, nor is it clear that Abraham was sitting in the “heat” (“heat” according to rabbinic commentaries meaning maximum pain) on the 3rd day when the Heavenly visitors came. There is no mention of the 3rd day here.

 “Babylonian Talmud (Bava Metzia 86b), interprets “in the heat of the day” as a reference to the third day after Abraham was circumcised at the age of 99.”

What is a possible understanding of a text is not necessarily fact, as we often see when reading biblical texts and their commentaries. If we stay true to Biblical text, there will be unanswered questions which must be explored or accepted as unanswered. What would be the motive for saying that YHVH visited Abraham on the 3rd day when he was in extreme pain? 

The text shows Abraham running to meet the three visitors. How could he do this in the pain after circumcision?

 “And Abraham looked up and saw three men standing nearby. When he saw them, he ran from the entrance of his tent to meet them and bowed low to the ground.” My Lord,” said Abraham, “if I have found favor in your sight, please do not pass your servant by. Let a little water be brought, that you may wash your feet and rest yourselves under the tree. And I will bring a bit of bread so that you may refresh yourselves. This is why you have passed your servant’s way. After that, you may continue on your way.”

Why does Abraham address the three men as “my Lord” in the singular (Master–Adonai in Hebrew)? The first verse of chapter 18 says: 

“Then YHVH appeared to Abraham by the Oaksa of Mamre in the heat of the day, while he was sitting at the entrance of his tent.” 18:1

Does Abraham address YHVH or the three men since it is written in the singular? Does he recognize one of them as YHVH and the other two as angels? 

Later, after two of the men leave, YHVH stays with Abraham to bargain for the fate of Sodom and Gomorrah. It would appear that Abraham knows whom he must speak to. 

We see Abraham with typical Middle Eastern hospitality, send his servant to prepare a calf and his wife to make three portions of flour into bread to set before his guests. What was set before the guests in this meal? 

Milk and Meat:

“Then Abraham brought curds and milk and the calf that had been prepared, and he set them before the men and stood by them under the tree as they ate.” 18:8

Why does Abraham serve milk, curds and a calf at the same meal? It is clear that the meat was prepared separately from the milk, (it was not boiled in the milk). But in Modern Judaism, dishes made with milk are never allowed at a meal where meat is consumed. How has this bottom line rule of Modern Judaism evolved from a clearly written passage that apparently Abraham understood? (By the way the law was written three times in the Torah so we wouldn’t get it wrong. (Exodus 23:19, Exodus 34:26, Deuteronomy 14:21). 

Is it possible that the law about boiling a kid in its mother’s milk was not known by Abraham? It is pretty clear that he did not boil anything, so when Genesis 26 says that Abraham knew the laws of the Torah, it must mean he had a better idea of what it meant than what is known as Torah today. So how did this law evolve to what it is today? 

Did Abraham keep the Torah?

26:5  עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר־שָׁמַע אַבְרָהָם בְּקֹלִי וַיִּשְׁמֹר מִשְׁמַרְתִּי מִצְוֺתַי חֻקּוֹתַי וְתוֹרֹתָי׃

Gen 26: “5 because that Abraham hearkened to my voice, and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws.” (The Hebrew for ” law” is Torah).

After the meal the two men with YHVH got up to journey to Sodom and YHVH stayed to speak more with Abraham about His plans to destroy the wicked city. Abraham bargains for the salvation of the city from 50 innocent, down to 10, that the judge of the earth be merciful–not slaying the righteous with the wicked (verse 23). And then YHVH left. 

Ten Men

From this passage which shows ten people as being the limit to God’s mercy, we have the declaration that an Orthodox minyan requires 10 men to intercede with the Eternal on important matters such as reciting the Mourner’s Kaddish or Yahrzeit or Wedding blessings. If we look at the passage in Genesis, the 10 referred to righteous persons not necessarily, men. And another question arises, is it always necessary to have 10 persons pray to YHVH on important matters? Certainly, from the standpoint of numbers the more righteous people pray the more they will be heard. But what about when Elijah called down fire from heaven? He was a lone voice. Are there other times when God answers prayers without a minyan? 

Isaac

In chapter 21 the promise to Sarah is fulfilled. She gives birth to Isaac. His name means laughter. Isn’t it interesting that both Abraham and Sarah laughed when the promise was first given to them? Isaac’s name was given by YHVH in advance of his birth. When Abraham laughed (Chapter 17:17), he asked how it might be that a man at 100 and Sarah at 90 could have a son? In chapter 18 when the three Strangers visited Abraham, it was Sarah’s turn to laugh (Chapter 18:12) but she was afraid and lied that she had not laughed. She asked how she having passed her child bearing age and her husband so old, should finally find enjoyment. 

Angels visit Lot

In chapter 19, the two angel messengers arrive at Sodom and are urged to stay with Lot. In the evening, the town’s people want to defile them, and Lot offers to surrender his two virgin daughters for the town to do as they wished. The angels then saved Lot from this harrowing encounter with the townsfolk by striking blindness upon those gathered outside. 

Why would this be right for a father to say if he stands as the protector of the family? Later, Lot did not seek husbands for his daughters, and they chose the path of incest with their father to be able to produce offspring. Some say they were so isolated that they didn’t ever encounter men available to marry. Maybe they were afraid to marry any of the inhabitants of the land.

Looking back at the escape from Sodom: when in the morning Lot, his wife and daughters were hurried out of the city, they were warned to hurry and not look back. Lot’s wife turned to a pillar of salt when she disobeyed. What does this mean? Was it a literal pillar, or was it a lesson in not having bitterness about leaving the past behind? Was she unwilling to leave and got caught by the fire that was falling? Did she lag behind when the rest of them were hurrying to safety? Why did she look back? 

Casting out Ishmael

In chapter 21, when Isaac is born and is circumcised, we see Sarah asking to have Ishmael cast out with his mother, so that he would not inherit anything that belonged rightfully to Isaac. But if we remember, it was at Sarah’s insistence that Hagar be taken to produce a son for Abraham. Now that she has a child of her own, she turns on Hagar who is extradited at God’s command and sent to wander with her son in the desert. The boy was more than 13, given the timeline of what had happened previously. Abraham and Ishmael are circumcised when Ishmael is 13, then the next year Sarah gives birth to Isaac, Ishmael is playing, perhaps mocking Isaac and Sarah tells Abraham to send them away. Ishmael, strangely is shown to be a child in the verses that follow. His mother lays him down under a bush to die. How is this possible, if he is a strapping lad of 14 or more? Was he in grief so overbearing that he wanted to die and thus lay down himself? When the angel found Hagar, he said that God had heard Ishmael’s prayer (21:17). He also gave her the promise that Ishmael would be blessed and grow to a great nation. 

Not many years hence it was the Ishmaelites that bought Joseph when his brothers decided to sell him. Only 2 generations had passed, and there was already animosity enough to sell their kinsman as a slave. 

Why the test of Akeida

We see Abraham making an alliance with Abimelech which later seems to have brought about the test of all time, the call for the Akeida on Mt. Moriah. God tested Abraham with an almost unimaginable test after making a covenant with a foreign power. The land was not to be bartered off. The land was given to Abraham, so why did he make a covenant with Abimelech? Looking back on this with knowledge of Israel’s struggles with alliances seems to reveal a that God was showing Abraham that if he gave the land away, he might as well not have descendants, and we see that happening all around us today. Curiously Abimelech returned to the land of the Philistines which was Gaza. 

“And Abraham resided in the land of the Philistines a long time.” (21:34)

Why are we still having trouble with Gaza? Was all this started with a wrongful covenant that Abraham made with Abimelech?

Shabbat Shalom!

Ariella